With Nigeria’s broadband penetration currently at 44%, the government is pushing to raise it to 70% by 2025, while also increasing investments in broadband infrastructure by up to 500% by 2027.

This initiative is expected to improve connectivity in key sectors, including education, healthcare, religious institutions, and markets. The NCC has selected eight states—Edo, Ogun, Kwara, Katsina, Imo, Abia, Borno, and Nasarawa—for the pilot phase, with plans to expand coverage nationwide.

At the launch event in Lagos, NCC Executive Vice Chairman Aminu Maida, representing Bosun Tijani, minister of Communications, Innovation and the Digital Economy, noted the importance of collaboration in achieving these goals. “Achieving these goals will require more than just the efforts of the private sector. It will require a holistic approach that includes strategic partnerships with donors, investors, and other key stakeholders in accelerating the rollout of critical infrastructure,” he said.

Regarding the NCC’s recent approval of a 50% tariff increase for telecom operators, provided they improve service quality within three months of implementation, operators are still challenged with multiple taxation, vandalism of infrastructure, and security issues. 

Gbenga Adebayo, president of the Association of Licenced Telecommunication Operators of Nigeria, said, “Tariff increase is not all the problem that the industry faces.” He explained that while the increase would help operators recover some revenue losses, it does not resolve the fundamental issues affecting the sector.

MTN and 9mobile Enter Roaming Partnership

The NCC has also approved a network-sharing agreement between MTN Nigeria and 9mobile. Under this arrangement, 9mobile will utilise MTN’s nationwide infrastructure to enhance its coverage, allowing its subscribers to access calls, messages, and data services in previously unreachable areas.

For MTN, the agreement offers financial benefits and additional spectrum access, particularly in the 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz frequency bands.

Nigeria’s Broadband Expansion Lags Behind Regional Peers

Even with these new initiatives, Nigeria still lags behind countries like South Africa and Egypt in broadband penetration. 

As of January 2025, South Africa reported 74.7% penetration, while Egypt stood at 72.2%. Additionally, Nigeria’s 4G coverage remains at 47%, and 5G adoption is still low at just 2.4%, two years after its rollout.

To accelerate progress, the NBAN initiative aims to simplify regulatory processes, incentivise private-sector investment, and promote broadband adoption nationwide. If successfully implemented, these measures could make Nigeria’s digital economy way better.

As we reflect on the achievements of 2024, a clear blueprint emerges: strategic policy, infrastructure development, public-private collaboration, and the adoption of emerging technologies have paved the way for sustainable progress.

However, sustaining this momentum and addressing remaining challenges will be critical in positioning Nigeria as a formidable global ICT leader.

This article explores how Nigeria can consolidate its achievements, adapt to the evolving global digital economy, and unlock unparalleled opportunities for economic diversification, innovation, and societal inclusion.

The ICT Sector as Nigeria’s New Growth Engine

The contributions of ICT to Nigeria’s GDP have been remarkable, underscoring its importance as a driver of economic growth.

In 2024, the sector accounted for an impressive share of the economy, buoyed by advancements in fintech, e-commerce, and telecommunications.

Nigeria’s leadership in digital innovation and fintech adoption, particularly in Africa, continues to attract global attention.

In the past year, Nigeria’s ICT sector demonstrated its potential to drive economic transformation. The sector’s impressive contribution to GDP, led by advancements in fintech, broadband expansion, and 5G deployment, highlighted the benefits of strategic leadership and investment.

Key achievements like the Fibre Forward project, aimed at laying 90,000 kilometres of fibre optic cables, and the rollout of 5G networks by major telecom operators laid a strong foundation for connectivity and innovation.

However, these milestones also bring crucial lessons. First, infrastructure remains the backbone of any digital economy; without reliable broadband and energy access, progress will stall.

Second, partnerships with the private sector accelerate development, as seen in fintech and skills initiatives.

Finally, while the adoption of emerging technologies is critical, sustainability requires balancing growth with regulatory clarity and cybersecurity.

Key Lessons from 2024’s ICT Sector Performance

Strategic policies, such as the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (NDEPS), have been instrumental in creating an enabling environment for ICT growth.

By aligning national priorities with global trends, Nigeria has laid the groundwork for sustainable digital transformation.

The NDEPS’s focus on its eight strategic pillars, including digital skills, solid infrastructure, and Indigenous content promotion, has ensured the sector’s resilience in the face of economic and global challenges.

Infrastructure remains the backbone of any digital economy. Projects like the Fibre Forward initiative and the 5G rollout have significantly enhanced connectivity, providing the bandwidth needed for innovation and enterprise.

These initiatives have brought Nigeria closer to its goal of achieving 70% broadband penetration by 2025, though challenges persist in rural and underserved areas.

Collaborations between the government, global tech giants and indigenous players have catalysed progress. Initiatives such as the deployment of cloud computing solutions and AI-driven platforms have been made possible through these partnerships.

By fostering trust and co-investment, public-private partnerships have not only improved infrastructure but also accelerated the adoption of cutting-edge technologies.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and fintech solutions has redefined Nigeria’s technological landscape.

These technologies address local challenges while positioning Nigeria as a global innovator. For instance, blockchain is being used to enhance transparency in public transactions, while AI applications in agriculture and healthcare are driving efficiencies and improving quality of life.

Nigeria’s youthful population remains a critical asset. Programs aimed at bridging the digital skills gap have empowered thousands of young Nigerians to participate in the ICT economy.

However, more investment is needed to ensure that this demographic dividend is fully leveraged through education and vocational training.

Opportunities and Challenges

The rapid growth of mobile broadband and the adoption of emerging technologies present Nigeria with unique opportunities to deepen digital engagement and service delivery.

With over 60% of its population under the age of 25, Nigeria boasts a digitally ready workforce capable of driving innovation and economic growth.

Increasing global interest in Africa’s tech ecosystem further highlights Nigeria’s potential as a key player on the international stage.

However, challenges remain. Digital infrastructure gaps continue to limit access to essential services, particularly in rural areas.

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities have risen alongside increased digital adoption, underscoring the need for robust frameworks to protect data and infrastructure. Policy inconsistency and insufficient funding for startups also hinder long-term planning and growth.

Nigeria’s Roadmap to Global ICT Leadership

Strengthening digital infrastructure by expanding fibre optic networks, enhancing rural connectivity, and ensuring reliable power supply must remain priorities.

Innovative solutions, such as satellite-based internet and renewable energy for ICT infrastructure, should be explored to close connectivity gaps.

Investing in emerging technology skills (AI, data science, and cybersecurity) will prepare Nigeria’s workforce for the demands of the global digital economy.

Partnerships between educational institutions and the private sector can create tailored programs to build a tech-savvy workforce.

Creating an ecosystem that nurtures startups is essential. Government incentives, access to venture capital, and support for research and development (R&D) can help indigenous tech companies scale and compete globally. Programs like innovation hubs and accelerators can foster creativity and entrepreneurship.

To inspire confidence in Nigeria’s digital ecosystem, robust cybersecurity measures must be implemented.

This includes strengthening data protection laws, enhancing incident response capabilities, and fostering international collaborations to combat cyber threats.

Nigeria’s ambition to become a global ICT leader can be achieved through strategic global positioning.

Establishing itself as a tech outsourcing hub, leading regional digital integration efforts, and actively participating in global technology forums will showcase Nigerian innovations and attract investments and partnerships.

The journey to global ICT leadership requires bold ambition, deliberate action, and unwavering collaboration among stakeholders.

The government must remain consistent in its policies and commitments, ensuring that infrastructure, skills, and innovation receive the support they need.

Private sector players must continue driving investment and creating solutions that propel Nigeria’s digital economy forward. Meanwhile, educational institutions must play a central role in shaping a digitally skilled workforce.

Nigeria’s success in fintech, broadband expansion, and emerging technology adoption proves that the potential exists.

The next step is scaling these achievements into a globally competitive ICT ecosystem. By consolidating its strengths, addressing its challenges, and embracing a shared vision, Nigeria can become not just a regional leader but a global force in the ICT sector.

A Future Built on Digital Resilience and Innovation

Nigeria’s ICT sector is more than an economic driver; it is the foundation of a future defined by innovation, inclusion, and resilience.

By addressing existing challenges and building on recent successes, we can ensure that the sector continues to thrive and contribute meaningfully to the nation’s growth.

The time to act is now. Together, we can harness the power of digital transformation to position Nigeria as a global ICT leader, shaping a brighter, more inclusive future for generations to come.

*Oluwole Asalu is a thought leader in the tech field in Nigeria, dedicated to advancing the nation’s tech ecosystem and fostering innovation and growth.

This broadband enhancement project aims to lay an additional 120,000 kilometers of fiber optic cables, potentially enhancing internet access and digital services across the nation.

The initiative, led by the Ministry of Communications, Innovations and Digital Economy, recognizes the importance of technology in today’s world. 

Minister Bosun Tijani noted the need for “quality access regardless of location,” acknowledging the limitations of the current 3,035 kilometers of fiber optic cables in meeting the demands of Nigerians.

The project envisions a two-phase approach. The first phase, backed by the World Bank, will involve laying 95,000 kilometers of cables. This is expected to deliver immediate improvements in accessibility and digital content availability across the country.

World Bank Regional Director Franz Drees-Gross highlighted the dynamic digital ecosystem in Lagos and expressed confidence in Nigeria’s potential to become a hub for West African digital services. 

He emphasized the need to go beyond infrastructure development, stressing the importance of affordability, device accessibility, relevant content, and digital skills development.

Funding for the project will come from various sources, including the World Bank, other development finance institutions, and the private sector. Minister Tijani is optimistic about securing the required funds within the next two to three years.

This joint effort is a way forward in achieving the Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020-2025, which aims for 70% broadband penetration by 2025. The project will improve internet access and digital services for individuals and also bring about a stable digital economy, potentially creating new businesses, employment opportunities, and avenues for growth across various sectors.

The success of this initiative hinges on addressing Drees-Gross’s mentioned concerns – affordability, device access, relevant content, and digital skills development. Alongside infrastructure expansion, these aspects will be important in ensuring the project truly delivers on its promise of “Broadband for All.”

This was stated by Onyinye Ikenna-Emeka, the General Manager for Fixed Broadband at MTN Nigeria, in a recent interview with Arise TV on broadband connectivity in Africa’s most populous nation.

The Federal Government’s Broadband plan further specified the kind of internet speeds expected for both urban and rural areas; 25mbps and 10mbps respectively.

Onyinye Ikenna-Emeka, noted that MTN Group’s Strategic Ambition 2025 is in close alignment with the Federal Government’s broadband targets. According to her, the technology provider’s intent is to deliver the right level of effective digital solutions to power Africa’s growth.

For Nigeria to achieve its goal of a globally recognised digital economy, Ikenna-Emeka, an internet connectivity expert, believes that the nation will require concerted efforts by the Federal Government, public and private stakeholders to boost broadband penetration. Ikenna-Emeka expresses optimism that with existing and new policies, the country is on the right path.

“When we look back at 2012 when we had just about 6 per cent internet penetration to where we are today, there is a significant improvement. As of the end of May this year, we had about 43.6 percent penetration. That is quite encouraging,” she says.

“A lot of work is still being done by the Federal Government and organisations like MTN to achieve the right levels of broadband penetration. The journey has already started and further collaborations will help us to get better.”

To improve internet connectivity in their locality, more than a dozen African countries have tested or are planning to roll out the 5G network in the next few years.

The next-gen network is predicted to contribute an additional $2.2 trillion to Africa’s economy by 2034. MTN, demonstrating its commitment to providing quality internet access to Nigerians, has laid the groundwork to provide the 5G service in several parts of the country in the coming months.

Enunciating MTN’s role as a driver of quality network across the country, Ikenna-Emeka says “Today, what is most prevalent is the fixed wireless access and that is the technology that is being adopted by all operators globally. That’s what we want to scale and accelerate in our drive to achieve broadband penetration.

“We’re very shortly going to launch the 5G technology. There is also a lot of progress we’ve made in fibre optics which is another prevalent technology. This, along with the 3G, 4G, and 5G networks will provide us with the ability to serve more market segments and more different sectors.”

The internet connectivity specialist further expounds that continued acceleration of internet access and the ability to adapt and expand on new technologies will bolster broadband connectivity that would match Nigeria’s growing population.

On the challenges of expanding internet connectivity in unconnected areas in the country, she says “Recently, we have received some legislation from the Federal Government to improve internet access in the rural or less connected states and that is critical in driving broadband penetration and connectivity.”

“One of the ways we are driving that penetration as a telco is by ensuring that we leverage on our mix of technologies. We currently have access to 3G, 4G, and coming soon, the 5G. And we are going to utilise this mix of technologies to deliver fit-for-purpose connectivity in different areas in Nigeria,” she adds.

Recently, international companies like Meta and Starlink have begun to adopt satellites in providing internet connectivity, and Africa has been encouraged to adopt similar technological measures to boost its developing digital landscape.

Ikenna-Emeka expresses belief that it speaks to the need for increased collaboration to drive penetration.

“It is quite interesting and speaks to the localisation of global trends – global digital transformation initiative. It’s a welcome development because to achieve the levels of penetration that we require, both at urban and rural levels, and to ride on the right levels of partnerships and collaborations, we will be requiring a mix of technologies. We look forward to seeing how that plays out in the future,” she says.

MTN Nigeria recently launched its home broadband services tailored to provide fast and reliable internet access in homes across Nigeria.

With the imminent commercial deployment of the 5G network, Nigeria will be hoping to expand its internet penetration and connectivity to achieve its ambition of a near-perfect digital economy in the next three years.