Yet, as billions connect and engage online, a crucial question arises: Does this digital landscape truly reflect the incredible diversity of languages, cultures, and communities that make up our world?

The answer, unfortunately, is not entirely. Especially for marginalised and underrepresented communities around the globe.

While the Internet has made remarkable impact by connecting people across geographical boundaries, the representation of linguistic and cultural diversity in the digital space remains uneven.

This disparity is particularly evident in the Domain Name System (DNS), the foundation of Internet navigation – where a lack of awareness of the possibilities of the DNS means it’s not being used to its full potential.

Yet, a digital world does exist where language is less of a barrier to accessing information, connecting with communities, or making your voice heard.

A digital world where:

• Indigenous communities in the Americas can establish dedicated online spaces using gTLDs in their native languages, preserving their cultural heritage for generations to come.
• Tech hubs in Southeast Asia and Latin America can brand themselves with gTLDs that resonate with their vibrant tech ecosystems, attracting investment and talent on a global scale.
• Specialised communities, from scientists and academics to artists and musicians, can create online hubs usings gTLDs that reflect their shared passions and areas of expertise. Think .eco for environmental organisations or .art for the art community.

This vision of a more inclusive and representative Internet is within our reach. The key to unlocking this opportunity lies in understanding the power of top-level domains, harnessing the transformative potential of new generic TLDs, and knowing that ICANN and its Applicant Support Program are making domain diversity attainable for more organisations.

Breaking down linguistic barriers: expanding the digital landscape

Most Internet users rely on a limited set of generic top-level domains (gTLDs) such as .com, .org, or .net – domains rooted in the English language and the Latin script.

While these domains have been pivotal in the Internet’s growth, their inherent limitations have become increasingly apparent.

This limited linguistic representation presents a barrier for billions worldwide who primarily communicate and engage online in languages other than English.

By 2024, there were more than 1,200 gTLDs. Today, the DNS supports domain names in multiple scripts as well as gTLDs longer than three characters. From the very first gTLDs in non-Latin characters –  شبكة (.network), москва (.moscow), and 慈善 (.charity) – to .accountant, .berlin and .photography, these new gTLDs represent brands, communities, and geographies. Examples of organisations already using these new gTLDs include Canon using .canon, Google using .google, and many cities using their name, such as .london, .rio or .tokyo.

Recognising the urgent need for a more inclusive and representative Internet, ICANN – the non-profit organisation responsible for coordinating the Internet’s addressing system – is implementing an initiative to expand the gTLD landscape.

ICANN has carried out three application rounds for new gTLDs: in 2000, 2004, and 2012. The 2012 round of new gTLD applications was the largest expansion of the DNS to-date, aimed at encouraging innovation, competition, and consumer choice in the Domain Name System.

Soon, a new application round will give organisations, brands, cities, and more, the opportunity to apply to operate gTLDs that align with their specific communities, languages, industries, or interests, shaping the online landscape to be more relevant and accessible to users worldwide.

Unlocking business opportunities: a new frontier online

New gTLDs offer a powerful tool for commerce and communication – whether that’s building a brand for a company, spotlighting a geographic region or city on the world stage, reflecting a societal issue or reaching new customers. Consider that:

• An entity operating a gTLD can provide its users and customers with an extra measure of confidence in its security and legitimacy, building trust in the organisation associated with the gTLD. This can be invaluable in today’s online environment.
• Cities across the globe have used geographical gTLDs to promote the unique lifestyle and culture of their metropolitan area and build an online community for its citizens – wherever they may be in the world.
• One of the biggest and oldest automotive manufacturers in the world, BMW, used a .brand gTLD first to commemorate its 100th anniversary and provide a look into its rich history. Today, BMW uses the gTLD to present an aspirational vision for the next hundred years.

The possibilities are vast. New gTLDs empower businesses to create memorable online identities, strengthen brand recognition, and build stronger connections with their target audiences.

A strategic opportunity for NGOs, IGOs and nonprofits

The expansion of gTLDs presents a unique and strategic opportunity for NGOs, IGOs and nonprofits worldwide.

It’s a chance to break free from the constraints of a DNS that can feel irrelevant to the communities they serve and embrace a digital identity that aligns with their values, mission, and audiences. Embracing new gTLDs offers:

• Enhanced visibility and recognition: a dedicated gTLD that aligns with your mission or target community instantly communicates your purpose and values to the world. It makes you stand out in search results, increasing your visibility among those you aim to reach.
• Deepened community engagement: connecting with communities in their native language fosters trust, understanding, and a stronger sense of belonging. A gTLD in a local language or script demonstrates commitment to inclusivity and makes content more relevant and engaging.
• Increased brand awareness and credibility: a unique and memorable gTLD strengthens brand identity, making your organisation easily recognisable and memorable. It reinforces legitimacy and professionalism within your field.
• Expanded global reach: Internationalised Domain Names (IDNs) allow organisations to connect with communities beyond geographical boundaries, tapping into diasporas and fostering international collaborations. They facilitate cross-cultural dialogue and understanding.
• Empowered storytelling: a dedicated gTLD can provide a platform for underrepresented communities to share their stories, preserve their cultural heritage, and advocate for their rights on a global stage. It empowers them to control their narratives and reach a wider audience.

Breaking down barriers: the Applicant Support Program

The upcoming round of new gTLDs represents a crucial opportunity to foster diversity and increase accessibility in the digital landscape.

However, we recognise that the process of applying for and managing a new gTLD is resource-intensive, potentially creating barriers for some communities and organisations.

To address this challenge, ICANN is promoting accessibility and inclusivity through the Applicant Support Program (ASP).

The ASP is designed to empower underrepresented communities and organisations by providing financial and technical assistance throughout the gTLD application process.

This includes:

• Financial support: Eligible entities s can benefit from significant discounts on application fees, making it more financially feasible to apply for a new gTLD.
• Expert guidance and resources: The ASP provides access to technical experts who can guide NGOs through each stage of the application, ensuring a smooth and successful experience.

Nonprofits, nongovernmental, and charitable organisations; intergovernmental organisations; indigenous and tribal peoples’ organisations; and small businesses that operate as social enterprises or which operate in a less-developed economy are eligible for support.

Claiming your place in a more inclusive digital world

The expansion of gTLDs is a call to action for organisations worldwide to reimagine their online presence, contribute to, and benefit from a more representative and inclusive Internet.

Ask yourself: What community, language, or industry do you represent? What unique value would a dedicated gTLD bring?

How could you leverage this opportunity to benefit your community, enhance your business, or advance your cause?

Take the first step:

• Interested in applying to operate a new gTLD? Visit the website to learn more about the application process and eligibility criteria.
• Want to find out more about the Applicant Support Program? Take a look at the Applicant Support Program page for more information.

The New gTLD Program: Next Round is an initiative that will enable the introduction of new gTLDs (including those longer than three characters and in non-Latin scripts) into the Internet’s domain name space.

It will be the first opportunity since 2012 to secure a gTLD, and the ASP makes it possible for lesser-resourced organizations to benefit from this transformation in their presence online.

Top-level domains are the part of an Internet address that comes after the dot. For example, in the domain name icann.org, the characters ‘org’ identify the TLD and help to classify the purpose of the domain name.

The Internet started with just a handful of TLDs, such as .com, .net., .org and others. As it has evolved, the number of generic TLDs in the DNS has increased to reflect the multidimensionality of its billions of users and to help classify and communicate the purpose of a domain name.

ICANN appreciates that applying to operate a gTLD can be expensive and out of reach for many organizations.

The ASP is intended to make the processes and fees involved in applying for a new gTLD more accessible to entities that may want to operate a gTLD but are unable because of financial and other resource constraints.

Supported applicants will be eligible to receive access to pro bono service providers, training, and other resources, and a 75-85% reduction in gTLD evaluation fees.

“The New gTLD Program: Next Round will give businesses, communities, and others the opportunity to apply for new top-level domains tailored to their community, culture, language, business, and customers. The program reinforces ICANN’s commitment to encourage innovation, competition, and consumer choice in the domain industry,” said Pierre Dandjinou, vice president, ICANN, Africa. “The ASP supports that commitment by paving the way for more entrepreneurs, small businesses, governments, and communities around the world to apply to operate a generic top-level domain of their own choosing.”

To be eligible for the program, applicants must meet financial need and financial viability criteria, and fall into at least one of the following entity categories:

• Nonprofits, charities, or equivalent
• Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
• Indigenous/tribal peoples’ organizations
• Social impact or public benefit micro or small businesses
• Micro or small businesses from a less-developed economy

More information on evaluation and eligibility criteria are described in Section 4: Applicant Eligibility and Evaluation Categories, of the ASP Handbook.

ASP applicants will be evaluated on an ongoing basis. The first applicants to apply and qualify for support will the first to take advantage of the available resources.

The application window will remain open for 12 months. Applicants are encouraged to apply early.