Figures from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) show 152 generators and 504 batteries were taken within the year and the rate has not reduced since then.

In the first two months of 2026, operators reported 64 stolen batteries and 17 generators.

At the same time, other forms of vandalism are increasing, with cable theft climbing fast. There were 160 cases in January 2026, up from 74 in the same month last year.

February followed a similar pattern, with 151 cases compared to 73 a year earlier. Diesel theft is also widespread, with 222 incidents recorded between January and February.

These losses are hitting network operations. Service disruptions are becoming more frequent, especially in states such as Delta, Rivers, Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Ogun, Ondo, Edo, Lagos, Kogi, the FCT, Kaduna, Niger, Osun and Kwara.

Operators in the industry say the damage goes beyond stolen equipment. Fibre optic cables are also under stress.

The NCC recorded about 1,100 fibre cuts in 2025 and in January 2026, incidents jumped steeply to 40, from just four cases in December. That jump alone shows how quickly the problem is growing.

Fibre damage affects more than phone calls. It interrupts banking services, emergency response systems and internet access. In many cases, repairs take hours or even days, leaving users offline.

The financial cost is heavy. A standard 15 KVA generator costs about ₦3.5 million. When hundreds are stolen in a year, operators face replacement costs running into billions of naira. On top of that, they spend more on security, monitoring and repairs.

Speaking on the situation, Chairman of the Association of Licensed Telecommunications Operators of Nigeria, Gbenga Adebayo, said the attacks are slowing progress across the industry.

“These acts of sabotage have significantly disrupted network services, causing widespread connectivity blackouts leading to degradation of services and severely impacting millions of subscribers.

“These are not mere materials, but they are the backbone of our digital economy, security systems, and national communications grid,” he said.

Operators say they have continued to invest in network upgrades, but theft and vandalism are holding them back. Equipment being targeted includes power cables, rectifiers, fibre lines, diesel generators, batteries and solar systems.

A telecom consultant who spoke to Nairametrics, Adewale Adeoye, said the scale of the losses means operators must do more to protect their assets.

“If you are spending billions to build infrastructure, you also have to spend money to secure it.

“While this should not have been the case in an ideal situation where the government is responsible for security of lives and properties, years of continuous attacks and thefts have shown that the government cannot be relied upon.

“So, the telecom operators have to up their game in protecting their facilities,” he said.

The Federal Government had earlier moved to protect the sector. In August 2024, Bola Tinubu signed the Designation and Protection of Critical National Information Infrastructure Order. The law makes it a criminal offence to tamper with telecom infrastructure.

Officials say the policy is meant to protect investments and strengthen the digital economy. However, the growing number of thefts reveals enforcement is still a challenge.

In February 2026, the NCC and the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps warned contractors and individuals against damaging fibre cables during construction. They said such actions now carry criminal penalties and promised stricter enforcement.

Even with those warnings, telecom theft, among other incidents, are still increasing in Nigeria.

According to the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), this escalation was driven by inflation, exchange rate volatility, growing costs of energy, and above all, inconsistent Right of Way (RoW) fees that continually chokes network expansion across states.

“Most Licensees complained of high Right of Way (RoW) fees, harsh microeconomic operating employment and rising inflation. However, the NCC has been able to secure zero Right of Way (RoW) fees in some States in Year 2024,” the Commission stated in its 2024 industry report.

Uneven Fees, Unequal Access

Despite the Governors Forum’s 2020 resolution setting RoW charges at ₦145 per linear metre, some states have ignored the guideline. Operators disclosed that Ogun State now demands ₦9,477 per metre, the highest nationwide, followed by Lagos (₦6,264) and Oyo (₦5,303).

Others, including Cross River (₦4,737), Rivers (₦4,047), Edo (₦3,491), and Ondo (₦3,075), have also imposed heavy levies. The disparity has slowed broadband rollout, forcing firms to revise deployment plans or suspend network projects entirely.

However, there’s progress. Eleven states have now eliminated RoW fees, according to Dr Aminu Maida, the NCC’s executive vice chairman. “One of the most significant barriers to broadband deployment in Nigeria has been the high RoW fees charged by state governments, despite a resolution by the Nigerian Governors Forum fixing the rate at N145 per linear metre,” he said.

The Commission confirmed that Adamawa, Bauchi, Enugu, Benue, Zamfara, Anambra, Katsina, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Osun, and Plateau have all adopted zero-cost policies to support broadband rollout.

Broadband Goals Falter

The government’s vision to achieve 70% broadband penetration by 2025 is now clearly out of reach. Data from the NCC shows that as of September 2025, penetration stood at 49.3%, well below target.

Experts say the shortfall is financial, not just technical. Each kilometre of fibre delayed by high state fees represents a lost opportunity to extend digital inclusion.

Gbenga Adebayo, chairman of the Association of Licensed Telecommunications Operators of Nigeria (ALTON), said unresolved structural issues are a drag on progress. He pointed to multiple taxation, hidden levies, and high RoW costs as contributing challenges.

He also noted that while some states have waived fees, they continue to impose “education taxes” and “highway levies” under different names, eroding the benefits of those waivers.

High Investment, Shrinking Margins

The NCC report revealed that capital expenditure by telecom operators surged 159% to ₦2.9 trillion in 2024, up from ₦1.12 trillion the previous year. The increase, the Commission said, reveals both aggressive investment in network upgrades and the inflationary impact of the naira’s sharp depreciation following the Central Bank’s exchange rate unification policy.

Telecom companies have spent heavily on 5G rollout, fibre expansion, and network modernisation. Yet, much of that spending has been absorbed by currency losses and rising import costs for equipment.

While revenues climbed 44.7% to ₦7.67 trillion, the profits have barely offset the inflationary and fiscal pressures facing operators, as Nigeria’s telecom costs continually surge.

Tariff Hike Brings Temporary Relief

To ease the burden, the NCC in January 2025 approved a 50% tariff increase for telecom services, a controversial but necessary step, according to industry analysts. The revision allowed major operators, including MTN and Airtel, to return to profitability after reporting significant losses in 2024.

However, the higher tariffs have also limited consumers, particularly low-income users, prompting warnings from advocacy groups about potential digital exclusion in rural and underserved communities.

Policy Flashpoint and the Road Ahead

With telecoms contributing 16.1% to Nigeria’s GDP in Q2 2025, the sector has become the second-largest non-oil contributor to the economy. But then, the persistence of uneven RoW charges has turned the issue into a national policy flashpoint.

Stakeholders are now urging federal intervention to harmonise fees nationwide, arguing that broadband rollout, essential for education, finance, and digital commerce, should not depend on a state’s internal revenue strategy.

For Nigeria’s competitive edge to remain, policymakers must choose between short-term state revenue and long-term national connectivity, ensuring telecom costs are reduced. The choice, as the numbers show, can no longer be delayed.

ALTON says that multiple levies, bottlenecks in right-of-way approvals, and other unfriendly state policies are slowing expansion and could widen connectivity gaps between regions.

Speaking over the weekend, ALTON Chairman, Engineer Gbenga Adebayo, said the telecom industry is finally seeing strong investment flows after years of stagnation, but not every state may benefit.

“States that create hostile conditions for telecom operations risk being left behind. Where deployment is unwelcome, investments will move to more supportive neighbouring states, and citizens of unfriendly states will inevitably suffer limited connectivity,” Adebayo said.

He stressed that operators are already under enormous pressure, paying as many as 56 different taxes and charges. According to him, relief is expected from January 2026 when the Federal Government’s tax reform bills come into effect, cutting overlapping levies across federal, state, and local tiers. “We will not continue to solicit endlessly for cooperation,” Adebayo warned.

Fresh data from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) shows over $1 billion in telecom infrastructure investments poured into the country this year alone. 

That confidence was restored after the regulator allowed mobile network operators to adjust tariffs by up to 50%, reversing almost a decade of frozen pricing.

This policy change has triggered aggressive expansion as operators are rolling out new base stations, extending fibre networks, upgrading existing sites, and introducing enhanced site security to counter vandalism. 

Adebayo described the current pace of deployment as the most ambitious since before the COVID-19 pandemic.

The reforms go beyond tariffs and taxation. The inauguration of the new NCC Board, chaired by Idris Olorunimbe, has been described as a stabilising factor for the industry. 

The rebranding of 9Mobile to T2 is also seen by stakeholders as a signal of renewed investor interest and strategic repositioning.

Industry players argue that these developments place Nigeria in a better position to close broadband gaps and expand access to digital services. But without cooperation at state level, experts warn, the benefits will remain unevenly distributed.

Behind the numbers, operators continue to burn through more than 40 million litres of diesel monthly, most of it imported, to keep networks running. This reality adds to operational costs and stresses why hostile state policies only worsen the financial strain.

The NCC is already working with the Office of the National Security Adviser to create region-specific rapid response systems to protect telecom infrastructure, but Adebayo urged the public to take responsibility as well. Cases of vandalism and stolen equipment, he warned, further undermine investments and slow deployment.

For ordinary Nigerians, unfriendly state policies could mean slower broadband rollout, fewer digital jobs, and reduced access to critical online services. On the other hand, states that actively support operators stand to benefit from expanded infrastructure, stronger investor confidence, and broader digital inclusion.

“The transformation we are witnessing in our sector has not been experienced in recent years… but for this to be sustainable, all stakeholders, especially state governments, must play their part. Telecoms is not just about calls and data, it is a driver of national economic stability and growth,” Adebayo concluded.