A city like Lagos is ranked as one of the most congested cities worldwide, with a Traffic Congestion Index of 62.1, and an average of 25.91 over the past week, residents spend around three hours daily stuck in traffic, while drivers are inching along crowded roads.

This level of congestion causes massive time losses, stress and also heavily contributes to Nigeria’s growing emissions issue.

The question now is, could free public transportation be the unexpected solution to ease Nigeria’s traffic and environmental limitations? With fuel prices reaching new highs and emissions escalating, it might be time to consider radical approaches to urban mobility.

In 2022 alone, Nigeria’s CO2 emissions from fuel combustion reached approximately 100.389 million metric tons, with greenhouse gas emissions hitting 322,336.50 metric tons. This data shows that as urban areas grow and vehicular traffic increases, emissions rise to negatively impact the environment and our health in general.

So, is free public transportation the solution to Nigeria’s dual problems of traffic congestion and pollution? Would offering public transport at no cost encourage people to leave their cars at home, thereby easing the load on Nigeria’s overburdened roads and reducing emissions? 

Well, the primary challenge is that making transport free doesn’t automatically entice people to switch from cars to public transport, especially if the latter is perceived as less convenient. But then, let’s explore the arguments for and against this approach, what if convenient public transit is spread across urban centres?

The Case for Free Public Transportation: A Solution?

1. Economic Relief for Citizens

With recent hikes in fuel prices, public transportation costs have increased, placing a heavy burden on the average Nigerian household. According to recent reports, petrol prices have more than tripled over the last year. For daily commuters, particularly those who depend on fuel-dependent transport options like buses and minibuses, this increase has led to drastic cuts in household budgets.

Offering free public transportation could be a way for the government to provide immediate financial relief to its citizens. This approach would lower the cost of living and also make urban centres more accessible for lower-income citizens, potentially driving economic activity in areas that were previously challenging to access due to high transport costs.

2. Environmental Impact & Emissions Reduction

The environmental argument for free public transportation is particularly solid. Private vehicles are among the largest contributors to global CO2 emissions, accounting for over 20% of all emissions worldwide. If more Nigerians move to public transportation, this could result in a huge reduction in emissions.

A case in point is the Blue Line Train in Lagos, a project that operates independently of fuel, making it a sustainable alternative to fuel-based transport. In making public transit free, the government could significantly reduce dependence on private vehicles, thus lowering emissions and helping Nigeria make meaningful progress towards climate targets.

3. Traffic Decongestion and Urban Planning

For cities disturbed by traffic bottlenecks, free public transportation could be a huge one. Countries like Estonia, which introduced free public transit in its capital, Tallinn, saw a decrease in car usage by 14%, resulting in less congestion as well as pollution, and an improvement in urban air quality. In reducing the number of private vehicles on the road, free public transport could alleviate road congestion, especially in cities like Lagos.

The potential benefits go beyond reduced travel times. Fewer cars on the road could lead to less road maintenance costs and fewer traffic accidents, creating a safer, more efficient urban environment.

The Challenges and Considerations of Free Public Transportation

While we see the benefits of free public transportation as a good one, implementing it in Nigeria comes with challenges.

1. Funding and Infrastructure Limitations

Implementing a large-scale free public transportation system requires adequate funding. For Nigeria, where public transportation infrastructure is already under stress, making it free could lead to overcrowding and wear-and-tear on vehicles and facilities. Ensuring that transit services remain functional and safe would require careful planning and investment.

One way to address funding issues could be through partnerships with private entities or leveraging green bonds, which focus on financing projects that deliver environmental benefits. These methods, however, would require a strong framework to ensure accountability and consistent service quality.

2. Overcoming Public Perception and Resistance

Many Nigerians are accustomed to private vehicle usage, particularly in urban centres where car ownership is seen as a status symbol or necessity for personal security and convenience. Convincing a population to embrace public transportation en masse may require more than just making it free; the quality, safety, and reliability of the service must also be prioritized.

3. Sustainability and Environmental Impact of Increased Demand

If free public transportation leads to overcrowding, it could place additional stress on existing systems, leading to maintenance issues and decreased user experience. While the environmental impact per capita would be reduced, overall energy demands would likely rise. Hence, scaling up renewable energy sources and upgrading transport systems would be essential to truly capitalize on the environmental benefits of this initiative.

The Government Has No Business in Business

Nigeria’s public management of transportation infrastructure since independence in 1960 has faced several challenges and successes. Early investments, such as the establishment of the Nigerian Railway Corporation, facilitated regional connectivity. However, mismanagement, corruption, and political instability led to infrastructure deterioration and a decline in services by the late 1970s.

For instance, the 1980s’ Structural Adjustment Programs reduced government spending on public services, resulting in a reliance on informal transport modes like “okadas” and “danfos.” Recent initiatives, such as Lagos’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and the revival of railways, show progress. However, issues of corruption, inadequate coverage, and severe traffic congestion persist, particularly in major cities.

In a way, embracing free public transportation could alleviate congestion and emissions, making commuting more accessible. However, it poses challenges like funding, infrastructure readiness, and political will. Addressing these systemic issues is essential for transforming Nigeria’s urban mobility sector into an efficient and sustainable public transport system.

Globally, an overview of public transport management in developed cities involves integrated multimodal networks, including buses, trains, and trams, often supported by unified ticketing systems. Governed by dedicated agencies, these cities prioritize long-term planning, sustainable funding, and technological innovation, such as real-time tracking and mobile ticketing.

If statistics are anything to go by, thanks to the National Bureau of Statistics figures—which have been called into question recently—available data shows that well-managed systems can achieve customer satisfaction rates of up to 90%. Conversely, cities with poor service may see ridership drop by over 30%. But the question begging for an answer is: Does Nigeria have a track record of efficiently managing public infrastructure and monuments? In our case as a people, can we boast of dedicated government agencies, long-term planning, technological innovation, and sustainable funding? We leave you to find the answers.

In a climate where things are working effectively, accessibility and inclusivity are key, ensuring transport is available for all residents, while safety measures and crisis management plans enhance security. Successful examples include Tokyo’s punctual rail network, London’s unified fare system, and Berlin’s integrated services. However, cities facing budget cuts may experience service reductions and increased wait times, leading to declines in user satisfaction. In substance, these elements create efficient, reliable public transport that meets urban needs while addressing environmental and social challenges.

Embracing free public transportation could alleviate congestion and emissions, making commuting more accessible. Still, it poses challenges such as funding, infrastructure readiness, and political will. Addressing these systemic issues is crucial for transforming Nigeria’s urban mobility landscape into an efficient and sustainable public transport system.

Nigeria’s Endemic Corruption Scorecard vs. Public Facilities

For us, we stand between the mantra “government has no business in business” and the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria to maintain the homeostasis of the environment, thereby creating an avenue for the private sector to thrive while ensuring a safe environment for citizens. As a matter of fact, it is all about the planet, the people, and posterity.

While we believe the Federal Government of Nigeria may be well positioned to lead a revolution in the transport industry—especially against the background of environmental protection—over time, especially regarding the management of institutions, it has been more of a shadow of itself, not to mention its many-sided and unabated corruption. Nigeria Airways and the failed Nigeria Air project are classic examples.

For the record, Nigeria’s corruption challenges significantly impact governance and development. Just last year (2023), Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) scored Nigeria 24 out of 100, ranking it 150th out of 180 countries. The World Bank’s 2021 control of corruption score for Nigeria was approximately -0.83, reflecting ongoing issues. Local surveys indicate that over 60% of Nigerians believe corruption is prevalent in government institutions. Despite the establishment of anti-corruption agencies, persistent corrupt practices continue to hinder economic growth and social progress. Improving transparency, accountability, and the rule of law is crucial for enhancing Nigeria’s corruption score and governance.

Aside from the fact that the Nigerian government does not have a record of success in managing public infrastructure, the defunct NiTEL serves as another point of concern. Our conviction is that the federal government should not burden itself with the challenge of running a transport business for whatever reasons, but instead create an environment for innovators in the private sector to thrive and achieve outstanding results. We believe that the ripple effects of these efforts would be numerous.

In terms of the environmental hazards and other factors that could justify federal government intervention, we recommend that the federal government choose the path of advocacy and educate the drivers and stakeholders in the transportation sector.

This system, launched today, September 23, 2024, is designed to regulate the movement of trucks, particularly in the Lekki Free Trade Zone, and is expected to provide relief from the congestion caused by heavy-duty vehicles.

The introduction of this digital platform follows an initial delay, as the government had previously scheduled its deployment for August 1, 2024. The rescheduling was deemed necessary to ensure a smooth and effective rollout. 

The Commissioner for Transportation, Mr. Oluwaseun Osiyemi, confirmed the commencement via a public statement, highlighting the system’s ability to largely enhance traffic management and improve logistics efficiency in the area.

According to the statement, the E-Call Up System is a comprehensive, technology-driven solution that aims to optimise the scheduling and coordination of truck movements. 

In reducing waiting times and better organising truck operations, the system is expected to alleviate the gridlock that has long plagued the Lekki-Epe corridor, thereby boosting economic activities and improving access for commuters and businesses alike.

The launch is also a forward alignment with Lagos State’s current works to enhance infrastructure within the Lekki Free Trade Zone, a region essential to the state’s industrial and commercial growth. 

The introduction of the system is seen as a strategic response to the heavy influx of trucks servicing industries such as the Dangote Refinery, where thousands of trucks move goods daily.

To support the system, five holding bays have been designated for trucks to wait before entering the zone. These locations include Hog Marketing Limited and Nilmage Two4Seven in Epe, as well as other key points near the Dangote Refinery and along the Lekki-Epe Expressway. 

Added to this, restrictions have been placed on truck movements during peak hours, and strict enforcement measures are in place, overseen by LASTMA, the Lagos State Taskforce, and the Police, to ensure compliance.

The Commissioner reiterated the importance of this initiative, not only for improving traffic flow but also for fostering economic growth. With smoother logistics operations, businesses within the Lekki Free Trade Zone can operate more efficiently, and residents will experience improved mobility, reduced congestion, and easier access to jobs and services.

The Lagos State Government’s approach has been commended, with officials stating that the E-Call Up System comes at an important time. Mr. Olawale Musa, the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Transportation, emphasised the importance of managing truck movements, especially given the volume of petroleum products being transported from the Dangote Refinery. 

He noted that the initiative would be of importance in preventing the kind of gridlock that has affected other parts of the state.

The system’s success will depend on strict enforcement and cooperation from stakeholders. The government has engaged in extensive consultations with relevant parties, explaining the benefits of the system and the need for compliance. 

Truck operators who fail to adhere to the guidelines will face penalties, as the government is determined to ensure that this initiative meets its objectives of reducing traffic congestion and promoting smoother operations in one of Lagos’ busiest industrial zones.

As traffic congestion and fuel costs continue to increase, urban areas are facing huge challenges that impact both the environment and residents’ quality of life. 

Increasing vehicle ownership contributes to longer commute times, worsened air pollution, and escalating transportation expenses. 

To address these issues, Uber is leveraging the “One Less Car” challenge, aimed at encouraging a change towards a car-light lifestyle.

Uber’s “One Less Car” challenge is designed to promote the benefits of reducing car dependency as well as air pollution. 

Running from July 22 to August 25, the initiative invites participants in Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington D.C., Miami, San Francisco, Toronto, and Vancouver to give up their personal cars for five weeks. 

In exchange, participants will receive a $1,000 stipend, which includes $500 in Uber Cash, a $200 car rental or car-sharing voucher, $300 for public transit, and a free Uber One membership.

Eligibility for the challenge requires participants to be 18 or older, have a valid driver’s license, use their car at least three times a week, possess a bank card, and agree to document their experiences. 

Uber hopes to select 175 participants across the seven cities, providing them with the resources needed in urban environments using alternative modes of transportation such as public transit, cycling, walking, and ridesharing.

The stipend aims to cover the average monthly cost of car ownership, allowing participants to explore the feasibility and convenience of a car-light lifestyle. 

By partnering with the Behavioural Insights Team, a research consultancy specializing in behavioural science, Uber will analyze the participants’ experiences and gather data on the impact of car-light living on daily life.

The “One Less Car” challenge is not Uber’s first move into promoting reduced car usage. A similar trial conducted in Australia in 2023 saw participants successfully replace most of their car trips with alternative transportation methods, leading to a reduction in the number of weekly car trips. 

The Australian trial demonstrated that with access to a variety of transportation options, individuals could greatly reduce their reliance on personal vehicles.

Uber’s initiative is working to encourage sustainable urban living. With nearly 233 million private vehicles on the road in the U.S. alone, a good portion of which are driven less than 10 miles a day, there is a clear opportunity to reduce car dependency. 

In promoting a car-light lifestyle, Uber aims to help cities become more livable, reduce emissions, and save residents money.

The challenge goes beyond providing financial incentives to also highlighting the potential health benefits of using active transportation methods like walking and cycling. Reduced car usage can lead to decreased traffic congestion, improved air quality, and a more pleasant urban environment. 

Residents of the selected cities interested in participating in the “One Less Car” challenge can apply through Uber’s official website. 

The first week of the challenge will serve as a control period, during which participants will document their current mobility habits. This baseline data will help measure the impact of switching to alternative transportation methods during the subsequent weeks.

The targeted areas are known for unauthorized parking and makeshift garages that obstruct traffic and pose risks to pedestrians.

Mr Taofiq Adebayo, LASTMA’s Director of Public Affairs, said the operation is part of an initiative to restore order on Lagos roads and ensure a seamless transportation network.

Led by Mr. Kayode Odunuga, Head of Enforcement at LASTMA, and directed by Mr. Sola Giwa, Special Adviser to the Governor on Transportation, the situation aims to create a safer and more orderly environment for commuters and residents alike.

The impoundment exercise, which began recently, aligns with the newly unveiled Lagos State Transport Policy, focusing on regulating street and on-street parking through the Lagos State Parking Authority (LSPA).

This policy seeks to curb obstructive parking practices, thereby facilitating smoother traffic movement across primary and secondary roads and central business districts.

Authorities have pointed to the importance of adhering to traffic regulations to prevent disruptions caused by illegal garages and related activities. The Lagos State Government is focused on sustaining these efforts and extending them to other areas where similar issues are seen.