The proposals come from the Migration Advisory Committee, which reviewed how salary thresholds apply under the Skilled Worker visa route and related immigration pathways.

The recommendations are not yet policy and will only take effect if approved by the UK government.

At the centre of the review is a change to how minimum pay levels are set for specific jobs. The committee proposes shifting occupation-specific salary thresholds from the current median earnings benchmark to the 25th percentile.

In practical terms, this would reduce the minimum salary many employers must offer to sponsor foreign workers.

The overall salary requirement would remain in place. The MAC suggests keeping the general threshold at £41,700, while also presenting a higher option of £48,400 for consideration by policymakers.

A separate proposal introduces a lower entry point for new applicants. Under this plan, younger professionals and recent graduates would qualify under a single salary threshold of £33,400. The aim is to make early-career recruitment easier for employers struggling to fill roles.

The committee also recommends scrapping existing salary discounts for PhD holders. Where postdoctoral concessions are still deemed necessary, it suggests a capped threshold of £41,700, applied for no more than four years.

The changes go beyond the Skilled Worker route. For the Global Business Mobility system, the MAC proposes aligning salary requirements for Senior or Specialist Workers and UK Expansion Workers with median pay levels in each occupation.

Graduate Trainees would also fall under the £33,400 threshold, with occupation-based variations removed entirely.

For roles on the Temporary Shortage List, the committee sets out a minimum salary level of £30,900. Employers would still be expected to pay market-aligned wages, even where immigration support is allowed for shortage occupations.

The recommendations are closely tied to ongoing labour shortages in the UK. Employers in healthcare, information technology, engineering, construction, and education report difficulties in recruiting staff.

Lower thresholds could expand access to overseas candidates, including professionals from countries such as Nigeria and India, where demand for UK work routes is strong.

Nothing changes immediately. The UK government still has to decide whether to adopt the proposals through the UK Home Office.

Alongside the salary review, visa costs in the UK have also been increasing. Short-term visit visas of up to six months now cost £135, up from £127.

Longer-term options have also increased, with two-year visas at £506, five-year visas at £903, and ten-year visas at £1,128. The adjustments cover several categories, including study, transit, and family routes.

The Home Office confirmed that universities must now meet higher compliance thresholds if they want to keep sponsoring international students.

Officials say the changes are designed to close gaps in the system while keeping the UK open to genuine applicants.

Under the revised policy, universities will need at least a 90% course completion rate for international students, up from 85%. They must also ensure a 95% enrolment rate, compared with the previous 90%.

A visa refusal rate will also be monitored more closely, capped at below 5%, down from 10%.

These result from issues with how some students use study visas. In the year ending March 2026, 10,835 people who entered the UK on study visas went on to claim asylum.

That is a small share of total student visa holders, but officials say the pattern needs stronger supervision.

The UK issued 409,954 sponsored study visas for international students in the same period. That is lower than the 498,626 recorded in the peak year ending June 2023.

The decline followed earlier restrictions, including limits on dependants for international students.

The Home Office will also introduce a traffic light rating system for universities from summer 2027. Institutions will be placed in green, amber or red categories based on compliance levels.

Green-rated universities will retain full sponsorship rights, while Amber status will bring closer monitoring and reputational warnings. Red-rated institutions will face limits on international recruitment and must fund a 12-month improvement plan.

If they fail to improve, they risk losing the right to sponsor international students entirely.

Minister for Migration and Citizenship Mike Tapp defended the policy direction and said the government still values international students.

“The UK will always welcome genuine international students, and our universities are rightly admired around the world, but our visa system must not be used as a backdoor to asylum and illegal working,” he said.

He added: “Student asylum claims are down 30% in the last year. I thank the sector for their co-operation in achieving this, but we must go further.

“Those seeking to game the system should know we are watching, and won’t hesitate to act.”

The government is currently tracking how different nationalities use study and other legal visa routes. Pakistani nationals accounted for the largest share of asylum claims in the latest reporting period, with many entering through legal visas.

Eritrean nationals were more often recorded arriving through irregular routes, including small boat crossings. Iranian and Afghan nationals also featured prominently in asylum figures.

Nigeria was not among the top nationalities in the most recent breakdown. However, Nigerian asylum applications have grown over time.

Between 2010 and 2024, Nigerian nationals submitted 22,619 asylum claims in the UK. That placed Nigeria 11th among all nationalities during that period.

Applications also surged in recent years, increasing from 1,462 in 2023 to 2,841 in 2024.

Universities are already feeling the pressure from earlier immigration changes. A restriction introduced in 2024 limited international students from bringing dependants. That change contributed to a fall in study visa grants.

The government has also taken targeted steps against specific countries, including suspending study visa routes for nationals of Afghanistan, Cameroon, Myanmar and Sudan at different points due to asylum concerns.

Universities warn that the financial impact of reduced international enrolment is already visible. Higher education institutions rely heavily on overseas tuition fees, which generate about £37 billion annually for the UK economy.

Professor Malcolm Press CBE DL, president of Universities UK, said the sector supports efforts to protect system integrity but warned against instability.

“International students bring significant economic and soft power benefits, contributing £37 billion in export earnings. We want the UK to remain open and welcoming, but that depends on responding quickly to any risks of abuse.

“What universities need from government is policy stability, transparent visa decision-making, and real-time data to act on emerging concerns. 

“The sector relies on international student income, and recent sharp declines have led to substantial cost-cutting and job losses. It is essential that we build a fair, stable, and transparent system that works in the national interest.”