The Meta-owned platform said on Monday that it had uncovered and stopped a series of spear-phishing attempts linked to NSO after receiving reports from users.

According to WhatsApp, the attackers tried to lure targets into clicking malicious links that directed them to websites outside the app.

“They tried to trick people into clicking on malicious links to drive them to external websites outside of WhatsApp,” the company wrote. “We also caught them creating test accounts and groups on WhatsApp, which we took down.”

WhatsApp said the operation shared similarities with another campaign uncovered in Jordan in 2024. In that case, victims who clicked malicious links were infected with Pegasus, NSO Group’s spyware.

Following its latest findings, Meta has asked a US federal court to hold NSO in contempt, arguing that the company breached a permanent injunction issued during a long-running case between both firms.

The court order stemmed from a 2019 hacking campaign in which more than 1,400 WhatsApp users were targeted through the platform. After discovering the breach, WhatsApp alerted affected users and filed a lawsuit against NSO.

A jury later ordered the spyware maker to pay $167 million in damages. That amount was subsequently reduced to $4 million.

The latest court filing is another chapter in an issue that has lasted several years and drawn attention to the high use of commercial spyware around the world.

NSO Group has been repeatedly cautioned over Pegasus, a surveillance tool capable of infiltrating mobile devices through so-called “zero-click” and “one-click” attacks. 

Investigations by journalists, security researchers and technology companies have linked the spyware to operations targeting journalists, activists, dissidents, human rights defenders and political opponents in several countries.

WhatsApp said it has continually exposed suspected spyware campaigns, notified victims and strengthened protections for users who may face a higher risk of digital surveillance.

Other technology companies, including Apple and Google, have also introduced additional security measures designed to help protect users from advanced spyware attacks.

Meta’s latest legal action has attracted support from civil society groups. A coalition of 12 civil rights organisations, privacy advocates and security researchers has filed court briefs backing the company’s position and urging the court to maintain pressure on NSO.

The spyware maker is also still under pressure from the US government. NSO is still listed on the US Commerce Department’s Entity List, a designation that restricts its access to American technology.

Washington has imposed similar measures on other spyware firms, including Intellexa and its founder.

In 2025, a group of US investors acquired NSO and began efforts to rebuild the company’s reputation while seeking the removal of US restrictions. However, the company remains on the Commerce Department blocklist.

The NSO Group did not respond to requests for comment on the latest allegations from WhatsApp.

Murati’s recorded testimony was played on Wednesday in Oakland, California, during Elon Musk’s lawsuit against OpenAI.

Musk accuses the company of abandoning the nonprofit mission it started with and turning into a profit-driven business tied to Microsoft.

Speaking about Altman’s leadership, Murati said: “My concern was about Sam saying one thing to one person and completely the opposite to another person.” 

She added that he was “creating chaos” inside the company and, at times, was deceptive with her and other executives.

The testimony focused heavily on the leadership situation that shook OpenAI in November 2023. At the time, the board removed Sam Altman as chief executive before bringing him back just days later, while Mira Murati briefly served as interim CEO during that period.

She told the court she still wanted Altman to remain chief executive, although she pressed board members for clearer reasons behind the decision to remove him. At the same time, she warned that the company faced serious internal problems.

“OpenAI was at catastrophic risk of falling apart,” Murati said. “I was concerned about the company completely blowing up.”

Murati later left OpenAI in 2024 and went on to co-found Thinking Machines Lab.

Another former OpenAI board member, Shivon Zilis, also gave evidence in the case. Zilis said the board had “extreme concern” about the release of ChatGPT without proper communication with directors.

Asked whether concerns about Altman had been raised internally, Zilis replied: “There had been a couple of instances.”

Zilis now works at Elon Musk’s Neuralink and is also the mother of four of Musk’s children.

The lawsuit, filed by Musk in 2024, argues that OpenAI moved away from its original charitable purpose after receiving billions of dollars from Microsoft. Musk claims the company effectively became tied to Microsoft’s commercial interests instead of serving the public good.

Microsoft has invested more than $13 billion in OpenAI since 2019 and supplies the computing power behind products such as ChatGPT and Copilot through its Azure cloud platform.

Musk is seeking $150 billion in damages and wants the money directed to OpenAI’s charitable arm. He is also pushing for Altman’s removal and wants the company’s for-profit structure dissolved.

Court proceedings have also revealed challenges between OpenAI’s founders and executives over control of the company, its rapid growth and the race to develop artificial general intelligence, often called AGI.

Some witnesses told the court that the company reaching AGI first could gain enormous economic and political influence worldwide.

The case also reveals Musk’s competition with OpenAI. His own artificial intelligence company, xAI, has expanded rapidly and merged with SpaceX in 2026 in a deal that reportedly valued the combined business at about $250 billion.

During the trial, it also emerged that Musk tried to settle with OpenAI president Greg Brockman shortly before proceedings began. According to testimony, Musk warned that Altman and Brockman could become “the most hated men in America.”